Timetrees: beyond cladograms, phenograms, and phylograms
نویسنده
چکیده
For several historical reasons discussed herein, until recently the absolute temporal dimension of many phylogenetic trees has been relatively ignored whereas the branching (cladistic) aspect typically has been the focus of most phylogeny-reconstruction efforts. This unfortunate neglect of “timetrees” is now being remedied, as this book will attest. Many scientifi c benefi ts can emerge from superimposing robust estimates of geological time on cladograms, including opportunities to: improve phylogenetic reconstructions of phenotypic evolution; illuminate causal geological or other events and processes in the history of life; and develop a universal time-standardized framework for biological classifi cation that will facilitate studies in com-
منابع مشابه
Two Requirements for Obtaining Valid Common Patterns under Different Assumptions in Vicariance Biogeography
In vicariance biogeography, widespread or sympatric taxa can be dealt with under assumptions 0, 1 and 2. Data from cladogenetic relationships among taxa of a monophyletic group and their distribution over areas are assumed, in the order 0 → 1 → 2, to represent decreasing information about vicariance events. A less strict assumption carries a larger solution set, i.e. the number of possible area...
متن کاملOn Consensus, Collapsibility, and Clade Concordance
Consensus in cladistics is reviewed. Consensus trees, which summarize the agreement in grouping among a set of cladograms, are distinguished from compromise trees, which may contain groups that do not appear in all the cladograms being compared. Only a strict or Nelson tree is an actual consensus. This distinction has implications for the concept of support for cladograms: only those branches s...
متن کاملEmpirical and Bayesian approaches to fossil-only divergence times: A study across three reptile clades
Estimating divergence times on phylogenies is critical in paleontological and neontological studies. Chronostratigraphically-constrained fossils are the only direct evidence of absolute timing of species divergence. Strict temporal calibration of fossil-only phylogenies provides minimum divergence estimates, and various methods have been proposed to estimate divergences beyond these minimum val...
متن کاملFast and Accurate Estimates of Divergence Times from Big Data.
Ongoing advances in sequencing technology have led to an explosive expansion in the molecular data available for building increasingly larger and more comprehensive timetrees. However, Bayesian relaxed-clock approaches frequently used to infer these timetrees impose a large computational burden and discourage critical assessment of the robustness of inferred times to model assumptions, influenc...
متن کاملImplementations of Assumptions Zero, 1 and 2
As we argued earlier, for the valid derivation of general area cladograms in vicariance biogeography, two requirements should be met. First, sets of areas cladograms derived under assumptions zero, 1 and 2, should be inclusive (requirement I). Second, general area cladograms should be based on area cladograms, for different monophyletic groups, derived under the same assumption (requirement II)...
متن کامل